Clinical trials are research studies that involve people. They’re the final step in a long process that begins with research in a lab and animal testing. Clinical trials aim to find out if a new medical treatment or strategy, like a drug, medical device, or procedure, is safe and effective for people.

They might also investigate ways to prevent diseases, diagnose conditions more accurately, or explore how to improve the quality of life for individuals with chronic illnesses. Clinical trials are essential in advancing medical knowledge and patient care.

Each clinical trial has specific eligibility criteria that determine who can participate. These criteria can include age, gender, type and stage of disease, previous treatment history, and other medical conditions. Some trials seek participants with specific illnesses or conditions, while others need healthy participants.

It’s important to remember that the criteria are not used to exclude potential participants personally, but rather to ensure the safety of the trial and to determine the effectiveness of the treatment.

There are several types of clinical trials, including treatment trials (testing new treatments), prevention trials (looking for better ways to prevent diseases), diagnostic trials (conducted to find better tests or procedures for diagnosing a particular disease), and quality-of-life trials (exploring ways to improve the quality of life for individuals with a chronic illness).

Clinical trials also go through various phases:

• Phase 1 trials are the first stage of testing in humans and aim to identify side effects and determine the treatment’s safety. These typically involve a small number of participants.

• Phase 2 trials continue to assess safety but also start to evaluate how well the new treatment works.

• Phase 3 trials involve several hundreds to thousands of patients and provide the critical information about effectiveness and side effects required for regulatory approval.

• Phase 4 trials happen after a treatment has been approved and are used to gather more information about long-term risks, benefits, and optimal use.

Remember, it’s important to discuss your options with your healthcare provider before deciding to participate in a clinical trial. They can provide personalized advice based on your situation and health status.

Use of placebos

Placebos are sometimes used in clinical trials to test whether the results of a drug are better than no treatment at all. In these cases, a placebo designed to look like the drug being tested, but without any of the active ingredients, is administered to some participants for the duration of the study.

If a placebo is used in a clinical trial, you’ll be informed before participating that patients will receive either the treatment being studied or the placebo, at random. Individual participants aren’t informed which one they’ll receive. If you have any questions about the effects of placebos or the reasons behind their use, ask your doctor or the clinical trial investigator.

Participating in a clinical trial is a serious commitment with several stages that may require more time and attention than standard treatment. It can involve more frequent check-ups and medical tests, and a possibility of experiencing unknown side effects. It’s crucial for participants to communicate openly with the healthcare team, ask questions, and report any changes in health.

Screening: Initially, potential participants undergo screening processes to ensure they meet the trial’s eligibility criteria. These criteria can include factors like age, gender, type and stage of disease, previous treatment history, and other medical conditions. The screening process often involves tests and procedures, such as blood tests or imaging scans.

Informed Consent: Before participation, each individual must fully understand the nature of the trial, its purpose, the procedures involved, potential risks, and benefits. This is called the informed consent process. It ensures patients can make informed decisions about their participation. Patients have the right to withdraw from the study at any time, for any reason, without any impact on their standard medical care.

Treatment Phase: Once enrolled, participants will typically enter the treatment phase. This could involve testing new medical interventions, such as drugs or procedures, or comparing existing treatments. Participants might be grouped into different “arms” or segments of the study, with each receiving a different treatment.

Participants will receive regular medical care from a research team, which typically includes doctors, nurses, and other health professionals. They will monitor the participant’s health closely and provide specific instructions regarding the treatment.

Follow-Up: After the treatment phase, participants enter the follow-up phase. The research team continues to monitor the participants for specific periods to assess the long-term effects and efficacy of the treatment. This phase can last for months or even years.

Data Collection: Throughout the trial, researchers will collect data about the participant’s health, the effect of the intervention, and any side effects. This data is crucial for understanding the intervention’s effectiveness and safety.

Remember, each clinical trial is unique, just like each patient’s journey. The potential benefits, such as accessing new treatments and contributing to medical research, must be weighed against the potential risks. Always consult with your healthcare provider to make the best decision for your health.

When getting involved in a clinical trial – there can be a lot of new terminology you haven’t heard before. Below is some common terminology used during a clinical trial:

Abiraterone: A medication used to decrease the production of testosterone in the body, used in the treatment of prostate cancer.

Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT): Treatments that reduce levels of male hormones in the body to help slow the growth of prostate cancer.

Biomarkers: Biological molecules found in blood, other body fluids, or tissues that are a sign of a normal or abnormal process, or of a condition or disease.

Bosniak Classification: A system used to classify kidney cysts based on imaging characteristics on intravenous contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan.

ccRCC (Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma): The most common type of kidney cancer.

CT (Computed Tomography): An imaging technique that uses a series of X-ray images to create cross-sectional images of the body.

Cytotoxic Chemotherapy: A type of chemotherapy that kills cells, especially cancer cells, whether they are at rest or dividing.

Darolutamide: A medication used to treat non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

DDR Gene Mutated mCSPC (DNA Damage Repair Gene Mutated Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer): Prostate cancer that has spread to other parts of the body, continues to respond to treatments to lower testosterone, and has mutations in the genes that help repair damage to DNA.

Enzalutamide: A medication used to treat prostate cancer.

Ex-vivo: Outside the living body, in a laboratory setting.

GAG Scores: These could potentially refer to a specific scoring or rating system used in the trial, but the exact meaning isn’t clear without more context.

Leibovich Points: A scoring system used to predict the risk of kidney cancer spreading after the kidney has been removed.

Leuprolide: A medication used to treat prostate cancer by reducing the level of testosterone in the body.

Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog (LHRHA): A synthetic hormone that helps to decrease testosterone levels, used in the treatment of prostate cancer.

mCRPC (Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer): A stage of prostate cancer where the cancer has spread to other parts of the body and continues to grow despite treatments to lower testosterone.

Metastatic: Referring to cancer that has spread from its original location to other parts of the body.

mHSPC (Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer): A type of prostate cancer that has spread to other parts of the body and is still responding to treatments that lower testosterone levels.

New Hormonal Agents (NHAs): A newer class of medications that block the effect of androgens, used in the treatment of prostate cancer.

nmCRPC (Non-metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer): A stage of prostate cancer where the cancer has not spread beyond the prostate but continues to grow despite treatments to lower testosterone.

Non-steroidal anti androgen (NSAA): A type of medication that blocks the effects of androgens (male hormones) in the body, used in the treatment of prostate cancer.

Olaparib: A medication used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, including metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Overall Survival (OS): The length of time from either the date of diagnosis or the start of treatment for a disease, such as cancer, that patients diagnosed with the disease are still alive.

Pathological Complete Response (pCR): No evidence of cancer cells in a tissue sample removed during surgery or biopsy after treatment.

Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection (pLND): A surgical procedure to remove lymph nodes in the pelvic area to check for the spread of cancer.

Prospective Cohort: A research study that follows over time a group of similar individuals (cohorts) who differ with respect to certain factors under study, to determine how these factors affect rates of a certain outcome.

Proteomic: The large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions.

Radical Prostatectomy (RP): A surgical procedure to remove the entire prostate gland and some of the tissue around it, used to treat prostate cancer.

Radiographic Progression-Free Survival (rPFS): The length of time during and after treatment that a patient lives with cancer but it does not get worse as measured by imaging tests.

Survivorship: The health and life of a person following the end of cancer treatment.

Talazoparib: A medication used to treat certain types of cancer, including prostate cancer, in patients with specific genetic mutations.

Clinical Utility of ClarityDX Prostate 

This study is evaluating whether ClarityDX Prostate, a blood test that combines PSA results with other clinical information, can help identify men who are more likely to have clinically significant prostate cancer. The goal is to help doctors make more informed decisions about whether additional testing, such as an MRI or prostate biopsy, is needed while reducing unnecessary procedures. 

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Urine Biomarker Validation Project 

This study is evaluating whether urine biomarkers can help monitor men with prostate cancer who are on Active Surveillance. Participants provide urine samples and clinical follow-up information to help researchers determine whether a simple urine test can identify men whose cancer may be becoming more aggressive and who may require treatment, with the goal of improving monitoring while potentially reducing the need for more invasive procedures. 

A Study to Learn How Mevrometostat Works in Men With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) 

This Phase 3 study is comparing mevrometostat plus enzalutamide with placebo plus enzalutamide in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Researchers are evaluating whether adding mevrometostat to enzalutamide can help delay cancer progression and improve treatment outcomes. 

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PSMA-Guided Ablation of the Prostate 

This Phase 2 study is evaluating whether a PSMA PET scan can more accurately identify the location and extent of prostate cancer than standard imaging before focal therapy. Researchers are investigating whether this approach can improve patient selection for focal therapy and reduce the risk of cancer being missed or returning after treatment. 

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Darolutamide for High-Risk Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer 

This Phase 3 study is evaluating whether PSMA PET scans can identify prostate cancer earlier than conventional imaging in men whose PSA has risen after previous treatment. Researchers are comparing darolutamide plus hormone therapy (ADT) with placebo plus hormone therapy to determine whether earlier treatment based on PSMA PET findings can delay the spread of prostate cancer. 

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Real-World Study of Darolutamide for Non-Metastatic Prostate Cancer 

This observational study is evaluating the real-world safety and effectiveness of darolutamide in men with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Researchers are collecting information on how darolutamide is used in routine clinical practice and how patients respond to treatment over time. 

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Safety and Efficacy Study of Enzalutamide Plus Leuprolide in Patients With High-Risk Non-metastatic Prostate Cancer 

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether enzalutamide, given in combination with leuprolide or as monotherapy, could improve metastasis-free survival and overall survival in men with high-risk non-metastatic prostate cancer experiencing biochemical recurrence after definitive therapy, compared with leuprolide alone. 

Study Results: The EMBARK trial demonstrated that enzalutamide plus leuprolide significantly improved metastasis-free survival and, in the final analysis, overall survival compared with leuprolide alone. These findings were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2023 and 2026. 

Publications: 

• Improved Outcomes with Enzalutamide in Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2023. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2303974. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2303974  
• Improved Survival with Enzalutamide in Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2510310. 
  https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2510310  

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Enzalutamide in First Line Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Metastatic Prostate Cancer 

This Phase 3 study compared enzalutamide plus standard hormone therapy with conventional hormone therapy in men with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer. Researchers evaluated whether adding enzalutamide as an initial treatment could improve outcomes. 

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Saruparib for Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer 

This Phase 3 study is comparing saruparib plus physician’s choice of hormone therapy with placebo plus the same hormone therapy in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Researchers are evaluating whether adding saruparib to standard treatment can help keep prostate cancer under control for longer. 

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Intermittent Hormone Therapy with Apalutamide 

This Phase 3 study is evaluating whether intermittent hormone therapy after an initial response to treatment is as effective as continuous hormone therapy in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Researchers are also investigating whether this approach can reduce treatment-related side effects while maintaining cancer control. 

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A Study to Learn How Mevrometostat Works in Men with Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (mHSPC) 

This Phase 3 study is comparing mevrometostat plus enzalutamide with placebo plus enzalutamide in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Researchers are evaluating whether adding mevrometostat to standard treatment can help keep prostate cancer under control for longer.  

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No Evidence of Disease: Virtual Follow-Up Care for Prostate Cancer Survivors 

This study is evaluating a virtual follow-up care program that allows men to report symptoms, review PSA results, and communicate with their care team from home. Researchers are assessing whether nurse-led virtual care can provide an effective alternative to specialist-led follow-up after prostate cancer treatment. 

Targeted Radiation and Darolutamide for Advanced Prostate Cancer 

This Phase II Canadian study is evaluating whether adding highly targeted radiation therapy (SBRT) to darolutamide can help men whose prostate cancer has started to grow in only a few areas after hormone therapy. Researchers hope this approach will keep the cancer under control for longer, maintain quality of life, and delay the need for additional treatments such as chemotherapy. 

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A Study of Apalutamide in Participants With High-Risk, Localized or Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer Who Are Candidates for Radical Prostatectomy 

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether adding apalutamide to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) before and after radical prostatectomy could improve pathological and metastasis-free outcomes in patients with high-risk localized or locally advanced prostate cancer undergoing surgery.  

Study Results: The PROTEUS trial demonstrated that perioperative treatment with apalutamide plus ADT significantly improved pathologic complete response rates and metastasis-free survival compared with ADT alone in patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer. These findings were published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2026. 

Publication: 

• Taplin ME, Gleave M, Shore ND, et al. Perioperative Apalutamide in High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2026. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2603878. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2603878  

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Talazoparib for Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer 

This Phase 3 study is comparing talazoparib plus enzalutamide and hormone therapy with placebo plus enzalutamide and hormone therapy in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer who have certain DNA repair gene changes. Researchers are evaluating whether adding talazoparib can help keep prostate cancer under control for longer. 

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Nadofaragene Firadenovec for High-Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

This Phase 3 study is evaluating whether nadofaragene firadenovec, given alone or in combination with other approved bladder cancer treatments, can improve outcomes for people with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer that has returned or persisted despite BCG treatment. Researchers are assessing whether these treatment approaches can better eliminate cancer while helping patients avoid bladder removal surgery.

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Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) Review

This study has been reviewed by an Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC), an independent committee that helps ensure research involving certain biological materials is conducted safely and in accordance with biosafety standards. To view the applicable IBC meeting minutes for this study at the Prostate Cancer Centre (PCC), Click Here

Nadofaragene Firadenovec for Intermediate-Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer 

This Phase 3 study is evaluating whether treatment with nadofaragene firadenovec is more effective than active surveillance alone for people with intermediate-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Researchers are investigating whether treatment can reduce the risk of the cancer returning after it has been removed. 

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Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) Review

This study has been reviewed by an Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC), an independent committee that helps ensure research involving certain biological materials is conducted safely and in accordance with biosafety standards. To view the applicable IBC meeting minutes for this study at the Prostate Cancer Centre (PCC), Click Here

EG-70 for Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer 

This Phase 1/2 study is evaluating EG-70, an investigational gene therapy delivered directly into the bladder, for people with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Researchers are assessing its safety and whether it can stimulate the body’s immune system to eliminate bladder cancer and reduce the risk of recurrence. 

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Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) Review

This study has been reviewed by an Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC), an independent committee that helps ensure research involving certain biological materials is conducted safely and in accordance with biosafety standards. To view the applicable IBC meeting minutes for this study at the Prostate Cancer Centre (PCC), Click Here

Cretostimogene Grenadenorepvec for High-Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer 

This Phase 2 study is evaluating cretostimogene grenadenorepvec, an investigational bladder cancer treatment, in people with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Researchers are assessing whether this treatment can eliminate bladder cancer, reduce the risk of recurrence, and provide an effective treatment option for people with different stages of the disease, including those who have previously received BCG therapy. 

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Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) Review

This study has been reviewed by an Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC), an independent committee that helps ensure research involving certain biological materials is conducted safely and in accordance with biosafety standards. To view the applicable IBC meeting minutes for this study at the Prostate Cancer Centre (PCC), Click Here

Surveillance of Complex Renal Cysts 

This study is evaluating whether carefully monitoring certain complex kidney cysts with regular imaging is as safe and effective as surgery. Researchers are comparing these approaches to determine whether some patients can safely avoid surgery while maintaining excellent long-term outcomes and quality of life. 

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A Study of Niraparib in Combination With Abiraterone Acetate and Prednisone in Men With Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer 

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether adding niraparib to abiraterone acetate plus prednisone could improve radiographic progression-free survival in men with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) whose cancer harboured deleterious homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene mutations, compared with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone alone. 

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Study Results: Recruitment for this study has been completed at the Prostate Cancer Centre. The study continues at participating sites worldwide while researchers collect long-term follow-up data. Final study results have not yet been published. 

Efficacy and Safety Study of Darolutamide (ODM-201) in Men With High-risk Non-metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of darolutamide to ongoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) improved metastasis-free survival and overall survival in men with high-risk non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC), compared with placebo plus ADT. 

Study Results: The ARAMIS trial showed that darolutamide helped delay the spread of prostate cancer and improved overall survival compared with placebo. Patients also experienced a longer time before pain worsened or chemotherapy was needed, with no new safety concerns identified. 

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Glycosaminoglycan Scores for Surveillance of Recurrence in High-Risk Non-metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (AURORAX-0087A) 

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a urine biomarker (GAG score) could detect recurrence of clear cell renal cell carcinoma earlier than routine imaging in patients at intermediate or high risk of recurrence following surgery. 

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Study Results: The study demonstrated that a urine biomarker test could help identify the return of kidney cancer earlier than routine imaging after surgery. These findings may lead to more personalized follow-up care while reducing the need for unnecessary imaging. 

Canadian Observational Study in Metastatic Cancer of the Prostate 

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of abiraterone acetate (ZYTIGA®) in routine clinical practice by assessing patient-reported outcomes, clinical outcomes, safety, and healthcare resource utilization in men with chemotherapy-naïve metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). 

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Study Results: The COSMiC study showed that men receiving abiraterone acetate plus prednisone in routine clinical practice were able to maintain their quality of life, cognitive function, and overall well-being during treatment. The study also provided valuable real-world information on the safety and effectiveness of treatment across Canada. 

A Multicentre Cohort Study of Patients With Advanced Prostate Cancer in Canada 

The purpose of this study was to better understand how advanced prostate cancer is treated in routine clinical practice across Canada by collecting information about patient care, treatments, and health outcomes. 

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A Phase 3 Study of Relugolix in Men With Advanced Prostate Cancer 

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether relugolix, an oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, could provide effective testosterone suppression in men with advanced prostate cancer compared with leuprolide, a standard injectable androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). 

Study Results: The HERO trial showed that relugolix effectively lowered testosterone levels to help control advanced prostate cancer and was associated with a lower risk of serious heart-related events than standard hormone therapy. 

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A Study of Niraparib in Combination With Abiraterone Acetate and Prednisone Versus Abiraterone Acetate and Prednisone for Treatment of Participants With Metastatic Prostate Cancer 
 
The purpose of this study was to determine whether adding niraparib to abiraterone acetate plus prednisone could improve radiographic progression-free survival and overall survival in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), compared with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone alone.

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Study Results: The MAGNITUDE trial showed that adding niraparib to standard treatment helped keep prostate cancer under control for longer in men with certain DNA repair gene changes. Patients also maintained their quality of life during treatment. 

Testosterone Nasal Gel (Natesto®) for Male Hypogonadism 

The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient satisfaction, symptom improvement, and treatment preference in men with hypogonadism receiving testosterone nasal gel (Natesto®), while also assessing the safety and tolerability of treatment. 

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Study Results: The My-T study found that most men achieved healthy testosterone levels with Natesto® treatment and reported improvements in symptoms such as energy, sexual function, and overall well-being. Most participants were also satisfied with the treatment. 

Biomarker Study to Determine Frequency of DNA-repair Defects in Men with Metastatic Prostate Cancer 

The purpose of this study was to determine how often DNA repair gene defects occur in men with metastatic prostate cancer by analyzing blood, saliva, and tumor samples. The results were used to identify patients who may be eligible for future clinical trials of targeted therapies. 

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Study Results: The PREVALENCE study found that some men with metastatic prostate cancer have changes in genes that help repair damaged DNA. Identifying these gene changes can help doctors determine which patients may benefit from targeted treatments or be eligible for future clinical trials. 

Study on Olaparib Plus Abiraterone as First-line Therapy in Men With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer 

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether adding olaparib to standard treatment with abiraterone and prednisone could help keep metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer under control for longer compared with standard treatment alone. 

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Study Results: The PROpel trial found that adding olaparib to standard treatment helped keep prostate cancer under control for longer and delayed the need for additional cancer treatment compared with standard treatment alone. The combination treatment had a manageable safety profile, although the final analysis did not show a statistically significant improvement in overall survival. 

A Study of Niraparib Combination Therapies for the Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer 

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and anti-tumour activity of niraparib in combination with other anti-cancer therapies, including cetrelimab or abiraterone acetate plus prednisone, in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). 

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Study Results: The QUEST study showed that combining niraparib with other prostate cancer treatments helped control cancer in some men with certain DNA repair gene changes. The treatments were generally well tolerated, and the results supported larger studies of these combinations. 

A Study of Apalutamide in Men With Non-Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer 

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether adding apalutamide to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) could delay the spread of prostate cancer in men with high-risk non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC). 

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Study Results: The SPARTAN trial found that apalutamide helped delay the spread of prostate cancer, helped men live longer, and delayed the need for chemotherapy compared with standard hormone therapy alone. The treatment was generally well tolerated, with no new safety concerns identified. 

A Randomized, Controlled Study of Sustained-Release Lidocaine for Chronic Scrotal Pain (ST-CP-202) 

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a sustained-release lidocaine injection (ST-01) could provide longer-lasting pain relief than standard lidocaine injections in men with chronic scrotal content pain, while also assessing the safety and tolerability of treatment. 

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Study Results: The study found that the sustained-release lidocaine injection provided longer-lasting pain relief than standard lidocaine injections for many men living with chronic scrotal pain. The treatment was generally well tolerated, with most side effects being mild and temporary. These encouraging results support further research to determine whether this treatment could become a new option for men with chronic scrotal pain. 

A Study of Apalutamide (JNJ-56021927, ARN-509) Plus Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) Versus ADT in Participants With mHSPC 

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether adding apalutamide to standard hormone therapy (androgen deprivation therapy, or ADT) could improve outcomes for men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. 

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Study Results: The TITAN trial found that adding apalutamide to standard hormone therapy helped men live longer, delayed the progression of prostate cancer, and postponed the development of treatment-resistant disease compared with standard hormone therapy alone. Patients also maintained their quality of life during treatment.